The Maltese is the most ancient of the European toy breeds, and among the oldest of all breeds. Though the Maltese’s hallmark is its long, silky, dazzling white hair, early Maltese came in colors other than white. This ancient dog was described by the Greek philosopher Theophrastus as belonging to the "Melita" breed, an archaic name for Malta. It was developed in Italy with the addition of miniature spaniel and poodle blood. The Maltese was thought that these lively little dogs were first brought to England by Crusaders returning home from the Mediterranean. The breed became particularly popular with women, who often carried them in their sleeves and even to their beds. The Maltese was not only popular with women though. Publius, the Roman governor of Malta, prized his Maltese enough to commission a portrait of "Issa" and even have poetry written about her. Today, the glamorous Maltese is an adored pet and sought-after show dog.

Appearance
The Maltese is a dog belonging to the toy group that is covered from head to foot with a mantle of long, silky, white hair. Some individuals may have curly or woolly hair, but this is outside the standard. Characteristics of the Maltese include slightly rounded skulls, with a one (1) finger width dome. Also, a black nose that is two (2) finger width long. The drop ears with long hair and very dark eyes, surrounded by darker skin pigmentation that is called a "halo", gives Maltese their expressive look. The body of the Maltese is compact with the length equaling the height. Their noses can fade and become pink or light brown in colour. This is often referred to as a "winter nose" and many times will become black again with increased exposure to the sun.

Character
Maltese can be very energetic and are known for their occasional wild outbursts of physical activity, running around in circles chasing their tail, and bolting at top speed with amazing agility; given this, they still do well for apartment dwellers. The Maltese dogs are relatively easy to train and enjoy a playful game of fetch. These intelligent dogs learn quickly, and pick up new tricks and behaviours easily. Since the Maltese dogs were bred specifically for companionship, they do not do well being left alone for long hours.

For all their diminutive size, Maltese seem to be without fear. In fact, many Maltese seem relatively indifferent to creatures/objects larger than themselves (unless of course it is the owner). They are among the gentlest mannered of all little dogs, yet they are lively and playful as well as vigorous.
 

Temperament
The Maltese is a gentle and sweet breed, but may be reserved with strangers. This breed does not accept rough-housing and as a result may not tolerate small children or other pets. Because of their size, Maltese dogs are not a good choice for families with small children because they can be easily injured. They can be protective of their owner and will bark or may bite if animals or people infringe on their territory or are perceived as a threat.

Exercise/Training
The exercise requirements of the Maltese dogs are easily met with indoor games, a romp in the yard or a short walk on leash. Playing and obedience are very good types of mental exercise. 15 minutes obedience and playing with your Maltese will be more useful for the dogs exercise then an hour walk on the leash can provide.

Color
The coat of the Maltese is long and silky and lacks an undercoat. The colour is pure white and although cream or light lemon ears are permissible, they are not desirable.

Grooming
The coat of the Maltese needs combing every one or two days; show coats may be "wrapped" for protection. The white coat of the Maltese may be difficult to keep clean in some areas. Pets may be clipped for easier care, but then an essential trait of the breed is lost. A good nutrition and regular brushing keeps the proper coat shine and the skin healthy. Bathing doesn’t harm the coat of the Maltese as long as you use a good quality shampoo that doesn't dry the skin and coat and is formulated for a canine coat. The ears of the Maltese should be kept clean and regularly inspected as well.

Any breed described as "good with children", the dog must be accustomed to children. Any dog that is not well socialized with children will not behave predictably around them. As with all dogs, they should never be left alone with young children.