The early history concerning the origin of the Newfoundland is uncertain, although many claim the original dogs of this island in the Atlantic were Tibetan Mastiffs. In 1001 AD, when the Viking Leif Ericsson arrived in Newfoundland, he brought with him the Viking "bear dog." These dogs mated with the native dogs of the island and the resulting cross developed in relative isolation for the next 500 years. When European fishermen arrived in the 1600's with other dogs, some more outcrosses occurred but the breed remained relatively true to its roots. The fishermen of the island had dogs that were strong working companions: they were able swimmers even in the stormiest and coldest of waters, and many sea-rescues have been attributed to this noble breed. Today the Newfoundland makes an excellent addition to any family with room for this large breed. He enjoys regular exercise.

Appearance
The Newfoundland is a large, usually black, breed of dog originally used as a working dog in Newfoundland. They are known for their sweet dispositions, loyalty, and natural water rescue tendencies. Newfoundlands ("Newfies" or "Newfs") have webbed feet and a water-resistant coat. Males weigh 130–150 lbs, and females 100–120 lbs, placing them in the "giant" weight range. Some Newfoundlands have been known to weigh over 200 lbs. As a whole, the Newfoundland has the appearance of a multipurpose dog that is at home on land and in the water. It is capable of draft work as well as possessing natural lifesaving instincts. The Newfoundland is large, balanced, heavy coated, deep bodied, well boned and strong (well muscled). The Newfoundland is slightly longer than tall, although they may appear to be square. Females may be slightly longer in body than the males. Males may exhibit a more massive appearance than females.

Character
Relative to other breeds, Newfoundland puppies, especially older puppies, tend to be calm. Newfoundlands take up to three years to reach full maturity. They have deep barks, but are not good guard dogs. They have been known to grieve when separated from their families. Their large size makes them difficult to keep in many living situations, but since they are not very active, as long as the room they lie down in is big, they won't really move too much and just stay there for long periods of time. They do not move around in the house too much, though they tend to spread out and cover large areas of space. Newfoundlands don't really need too much exercise. They would be quite content to sit at home for long periods of time as long as they know that there is someone there to love them. A Newfoundland will know whether or not someone is at home and as long as someone is with them, they are quite content, but if there is no one home, a Newfoundland dog will actually appear to be sad and sit and wait for you to return home. The Newfoundlands are protective of children. It does not do well in hot weather and should be kept outside only in temperate to cold weather. The Newfoundlands is best when allowed access to both house and yard, but it needs lots of room inside to stretch out.
 

Temperament
The official AKC Newfoundland description says "Sweetness of temperament is the hallmark of the Newfoundland; this is the most important single characteristic of the breed". They are nicknamed the "Gentle Giant" and "Nature's babysitter." The angelic and heroic nature of the Newfoundland is one of its most appreciated qualities. Newfoundlands are intelligent, loyal, and devoted. They are a patient and generous dog who is devoted to its family. The Newfoundland has an exceptionally gentle and docile nature.

Exercise/Training
The easygoing Newfoundland needs daily exercise to stay fit, either in the form of a moderate walk or short romp. The Newfoundland loves to swim and pull, especially in cold weather. Some breeders contend that Landseers (black and white) tend to be more active and need more exercise than solids color coats. Playing and obedience are very good types of mental exercise. 20 minutes obedience and playing with your Newfoundland will be more useful for the dogs exercise then an hour walk on the leash can provide.

Color
Most Newfoundlands are black. AKC standard colors of the Newfoundland are black, brown, gray and Landseer (black head and white and black body). The Landseer is named after the artist Sir Edwin Landseer, who featured them in many of his paintings. Some kennel clubs consider the Landseer to be a separate breed; others consider it simply a Newfoundland color variation.

Grooming
The coat of the Newfoundland needs combing twice weekly — more frequently when shedding. A good nutrition and regular brushing keeps the proper coat shine and the skin healthy. Bathing doesn’t harm the coat of the Newfoundland as long as you use a good quality shampoo that doesn't dry the skin and coat and is formulated for a canine coat. The ears of the Newfoundland should be kept clean and regularly inspected as well.

Any breed described as "good with children", the dog must be accustomed to children. Any dog that is not well socialized with children will not behave predictably around them. As with all dogs, they should never be left alone with young children.